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The Persecution of Oppia

The Persecution of Oppia

The forlorn painting above by Jean-Frédéric Schall depicts the fate of a Vestal Virgin found guilty of breaking her chastity vow—live burial in an underground chamber, with a small amount of food and water. The chastity of the priestesses of Vesta was thought to...
Coriolanus at the Gates of Rome

Coriolanus at the Gates of Rome

The legend of Gaius Marcius Coriolanus, as related by Livy in the History of Early Rome, takes place between 493 and 488 BC. Shakespeare’s Coriolanus and a film adaptation of it starring Ralph Fiennes are but two of many treatments of the tale, ranging from early...
First Secession of the Plebs

First Secession of the Plebs

Parable of the Belly By 494 BC, debt slavery in Rome had become as tyrannical as the king that had been overthrown just fifteen years before, at the founding of the Roman Republic. Nexum, or debt bondage, reached crisis levels for plebeian soldiers fighting in...
The Chains of Debt

The Chains of Debt

Of Roman Bondage The year after the Battle of Lake Regillus put an end to Tarquin the Proud’s bid to reclaim his crown, many Romans discovered that they had traded the shackles of monarchy for the chains of debt. Veterans who fought for Rome’s freedom from kings...